(1812-75)
Early Zionist thinker. Born in Bonn, Germany, he was one of the first to try to integrate two powerful ideological and political forces — socialism and Zionism. His book, Rome and Jerusalem: The Last National Problem, published in 1862, was a reaction to both 19th-century European nationalism and blatant anti-Semitism. It helped lay the intellectual foundations for Theodor Herzl and other early proponents of modern political Zionism. Hess died in Paris.
Historical Dictionary of Israel. Bernard Reich David H. Goldberg. Edited by Jon Woronoff..