Akademik

know·ledge n

1 a: awareness or understanding esp. of an act, a fact, or the truth: actual knowledge (1) in this entry

b: awareness that a fact or circumstance probably exists; broadly: constructive knowledge in this entry see also scienter, willful blindness

◇ Knowledge fundamentally differs from intent in being grounded in awareness rather than purpose.

1: direct and clear awareness (as of a fact or condition)

the bank had actual knowledge that the name and account number referred to different persons

2: awareness of such information as would cause a reasonable person to inquire further; specif: such awareness considered as a timely and sufficient substitute for actual notice (as of a work-related injury or of a bankruptcy proceeding)

ruled that the employer did not have actual notice or actual knowledge within 90 days

con·struc·tive knowledge: knowledge (as of a condition or fact) that one using ordinary care or diligence would possess

had constructive knowledge of the presence of narcotics on his property

per·son·al knowledge: direct knowledge of a matter or of the truth or falsity of an allegation

a witness may not testify to a matter unless evidence is introduced sufficient to support a finding that the witness has personal knowledge of the matter — Federal Rules of Evidence Rule 602

su·pe·ri·or knowledge: knowledge greater than that possessed by another; esp: awareness of a condition or fact that affects another who was not aware of it

denied having had superior knowledge of the hazard

2: the range of one's information, understanding, or expertise