The interpretation of divine intentions toward the world and human beings was of great importance for the maintenance of power relations in ancient Mesopotamia. Awide range of natural phenomena (from the stars to human and animal bodies) was systematically observed for any abnormalities to be categorized as having positive or negative portents (omens). Divination also served as a means of arriving at divinely sanctioned decisions, such as the appointment of high priestly offices or the commencement of military campaigns or major building projects. For such purposes solicited omens were sought by examining the entrails and the liver of sacrificial animals. The practice of divination was based on a long written tradition and was subject to much esoteric elaboration. Diviners serving the kings of Assyria and Babylonia were highly trained, literate, and well-remunerated specialists.
See also RELIGION.
Historical Dictionary of Mesopotamia. EdwART. 2012.